what does indiana mean

Indiana State Name Origin | What Does "Indiana" Mean?Indiana IndianaState of Indiana The United States State Map with Indiana highlighted CountryUnited StatesBefore StageDecember 11, 1816 (19th).mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}() • (R) • ()Zone • Total36,418 square meters (94,321 km2) • Land35,868 square meters (92,897 km2) • Water550 square meters WWebsiteLiving insigniaSay's Inanimate insignia and "Indiana" (4), (4)Honest to Goodness IndianaOtherRiver: Released in 2002 Indiana ( ()) is one in the . It is the and the one of the . Its capital and largest city is . Indiana was admitted in the United States as the 19th of December, 1816. It borders northwest, north, east, south and south-east, and west. IndianaBefore becoming a territory, several inhabitants of Indiana for thousands of years. Since its founding as a territory, settlement patterns in Indiana have reflected the regional cultural segmentation present in the ; the highest level of the state was established mainly by people from and , Central Indiana by migrants from the states and adjacent Ohio, and by settlers from the southern states, particularly Kentucky and . Indiana has a gross state product of $377.1 billion in 2019. It has several metropolitan areas with populations over 100,000 and several smaller industrial cities. Indiana is home to professional sports teams, including 's and's, and hosts several notable competitive events, including the . ContentsEtymology[] The name of India means "Land of the ", or simply "Indian Land". It also comes from the territorial history of Indiana. On 7 May 1800, the legislation adopted to divide the two areas and appointed the Western section. In 1816, when Congress passed a Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a part of this territorial land became the geographical area for the new state. An Indiana resident is officially known as a . The etymology of this word is disputed, but the main theory, advanced by the Indiana Historical Office and the Indiana Historical Society, has its origin in Virginia, the Carolinas and Tennessee (the ) as a term for a backwoodsman, a rough countryman, or a bullkin country. History ]The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the , who arrived around 8000 BCE after the fusion of glaciers at the end of the . Divided in small groups, the Paleo-Indians were the ones who hunted big as . They created stone tools made by the sweep, and . The , which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. People developed new tools, as well as food cooking techniques, an important step in civilization. These new tools included different types of spearheads and knives, with various forms of . They made stone tools such as stone shafts, wood tools and grinding stones. During the last part of the period, they built land works and , which showed increasingly permanent settlements. The archaic period ended in approximately 1500 BC, although some archaic people lived up to 700 BC. He started around 1500 BC when new cultural attributes appeared. People created ceramics and ceramics, and spread their plant cultivation. An early Woodland period group called the elegant burial rituals, with trunk tombs under earth mounds. In the middle of the Woodland period, he began to develop far-reaching trade of . Near the end of the stage, people developed highly productive crops and adaptation of agriculture, cultivating crops like and . The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD. The emerald, which lasted from 1000 AD to the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with large mounds and squares that define ceremonial and public spaces. Concentrated settlements depend on agricultural surpluses. One of those complexes was the . They had large public areas such as squares and platform mounds, where leaders lived or performed rituals. The Mississippi civilization collapsed in Indiana during the 15th century, for reasons that are not clear. The historic American tribes in the area at the time of the European meeting spoke different languages of the family. They include the , , and . The refugee tribes of the eastern regions, including the Delaware that were established in the valleys of the Whitewater and Whitewater River, joined later. European Exploration and Sovereignty[ ]In 1679, the French explorer was the first European to cross to Indiana after arriving at the present time. He returned the following year to meet the region. The French-Canadian soon arrived, bringing blankets, jewelry, tools, whisky and weapons to trade with the Native Americans. By 1702, he established the first negotiating position near . In 1715, built in , now . In 1717, another Canadian, built on it, to try to control native American trade routes from to . In 1732, Sieur de Vincennes built a second commercial fur position in Vincennes. The French Canadian settlers, who had left the previous post because of the hostilities, returned to a greater number. In a few years, the British settlers arrived from the East and faced the Canadians to control the lucrative skin trade. The struggle between the French and British settlers occurred over the years 1750. The Indian American Indian tribes joined the French Canadians during the (also known as the ). With British victory in 1763, the French were forced to yield to the British crown all their lands in North America east of the Mississippi River and north and west of the . The tribes in Indiana did not surrender: they captured and during. The British royal proclamation of 1763 designated the land west of the Apalaches for native American use, and excluded the British settlers from the area, which the Crown called "Indian territory". In 1775, the settlers sought the government and independence of the British. Most of the fighting took place near the east coast, but the military officer Patriot called for an army to help fight the British in the west. Clark's army won significant battles and took over and February 25, 1779. During the war, Clark managed to cut off British troops, who were attacking the eastern settlers of the west. Their success is often credited with changing the course of the American Revolutionary War. At the end of the war, through the British crown, he yielded his claims to the land south of the Great Lakes to the newly formed United States, including native American lands. The border[]In 1787, the US defined the current Indiana area. In 1800, Congress separated from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the . The President elected as governor of the territory, and was established as the capital. After separation and training, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography. Starting with him in 1794 and in 1795, native American titles to Indian lands were extinguished by usurpation, buying or war and treated. About half of the state was acquired in Miami in 1818. The purchases were not complete until in 1826 it acquired the last of the native lands reserved in the northeast. A portrait of the Indiana border around 1810: The border was defined by the one in 1809, adding much of the Southwest lands around Vincennes and Southeast lands adjacent to Cincinnati, to areas along the Ohio River as part of the U.S. territory. The settlements were military posts like Fort Ouiatenon in the northwest and Fort Miami (after Fort Wayne) in the northeast, Fort Knox and Vincennes settlement in the lower Wabash. Other settlements included Clarksville (through Louisville), Vevay and Corydon along the Ohio River, the Quaker Colony in Richmond on the Eastern Border, and Conner's Post (after Connersville) on the Eastern Central Border. Indianapolis would not be populated for 15 more years, and the central and northern Indiana Territory remained populated by indigenous communities. Only two counties in the southeast end, Clark and Dearborn, had been organized by European settlers. The land titles issued outside Cincinnati were scarce. The migration of settlers was mainly through the boat in the Ohio River, and by the chariot trails to the valleys of the Wabash/White River (west) and the valleys of the Whitewater River (east). In 1810, the tribal chief and his brother encouraged other indigenous tribes in the territory to resist the European settlement. Tensions increased and the U.S. authorized Harrison to launch a pre-trial expedition against ; the U.S. won the victory on November 7, 1811. Tecumseh was killed in 1813 during the . After his death, the armed resistance to U.S. control ended in the region. Most of the American native tribes in the state were later west of the 1820s and 1830s after the American negotiations and the purchase of their lands. Estadity and settlement[], a city in southern Indiana, was named the second capital of the Indiana Territory in May 1813 to reduce the threat of Native American raids following the battle of Tippecanoe. Two years later, the territorial General Assembly approved a request for statehood and was sent to Congress. A choice of delegates was approved to write one. On 10 June 1816, delegates met in Corydon to write the constitution, which was completed in 19 days. was elected the first governor of the escape state in August 1816. The president approved Indiana as December 11, 1816. In 1825, the state capital was moved from Corydon to . Many Europeans went west to settle in Indiana in the early nineteenth century. The largest group of immigrants to settle in Indiana were as well as many immigrants from Ireland and England. The Americans who were emigrated mainly from the North Tier of New York and New England, as well as from the middle Atlantic state of Pennsylvania. The arrival of steamboats in the Ohio River in 1811, and in Richmond in 1829, greatly facilitated the settlement of the north and west of Indiana. After the statehood, the new government worked to transform Indiana from a developed, well-populated and prosperous state, beginning significant demographic and economic changes. In 1836, the founders of the state started a program, the one, which led to the construction of roads, railways and public schools funded by the state. The plans broke the state and were a financial disaster, but they increased the land and produced value more than four times. In response to the crisis and to avoid another, in 1851, a second constitution was adopted. Its provisions included the prohibition of public debt, as well as the extension of African Americans. Civil War and the end of the 19th century[]During the , Indiana became politically influential and played an important role in the affairs of the nation. Indiana was the first Western state to mobilize for the United States in the war, and Indiana soldiers participated in all the major commitments of the war. The state provided 126 infantry regiments, 26 artillery batteries and 13 cavalry regiments to the . In 1861, Indiana was assigned to one of 7,500 men to join the . So many volunteers volunteered in the first call that thousands had to be rejected. Before the war ended, Indiana had contributed 208,367 men. The casualties were more than 35 per cent among these men: 24,416 lost their lives and more than 50,000 were injured. The only conflicts in the Civil War in Indiana were the , a bloodless capture of the city; and the , which occurred during the 15 dead, 40 wounded and 355 captured. This article lacks information on the legacy of the Civil War and the nineteenth century industry. Please expand the article to include this information. There may be more details about the . (January 2015) After the war, Indiana largely remained an agricultural state. Post-war industries included mining, including the extraction of limestones; meat packaging; food processing, such as grain grinding, alcohol distillation; and the construction of cars, buggies, agricultural machinery and hardware. However, in the 1880s in the north of Indiana, it led to an economic boom: the abundant and cheap fuel attracted ; the availability of jobs in turn attracted new settlers from other parts of the country, as well as from Europe. This led to the rapid expansion of cities like, , Indianapolis, and . At the beginning of the 20th century[]With the start of the Indiana industry, it began to grow at an accelerated pace throughout the northern part of the state. With industrialization, workers developed trade unions and suffrage movements in relation to the progress of women. At the beginning of the 20th century, Indiana became a strong link with the new automotive industry. , the first commercially successful automotive company of the nation, operated until 1925. The construction and start of automobile-related industries were also related to the boom in the automotive industry. During the 1930s, Indiana, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the . The economic crisis had a far-reaching negative impact on Indiana, such as the decline in urbanization. Beyond the west, he led many migrants to flee to the most industrialized Midwest. The governor's administration was struggling to build a state-funded social welfare system to help overwhelmed private charities. During their administration, spending and taxes were drastically reduced in response to the Depression, and the state government was completely reorganized. McNutt ended up in the state and issued the first state income tax. On several occasions, he declared martial law to put an end to workers' strikes.He helped to lift the economy in Indiana, as the war required steel, food and other goods that occurred in the state. About 10 percent of the population of Indiana joined the armed forces, while hundreds of industries won war production contracts and began to make war material. Indiana manufactured 4.5 percent of the total U.S. military weaponry produced during World War II, occupying the eighth place among the 48 states. The expansion of the industry to meet the demands of war helped put an end to the Great Depression. It was modern[] With the conclusion of World War II, Indiana bounced to pre-depression production levels. The industry became the main employer, a trend that continued in the 1960s. Urbanization during the 1950s and 1960s led to substantial growth in the cities of the state. The automotive, steel and pharmaceutical industries collected the main companies in Indiana. The population of Indiana continued to grow after the war, exceeding five million in the 1970 census. In the 1960s, the administration adopted its first sales tax of two percent. Indiana schools were in 1949. In 1950, the Census Bureau reported to the population of Indiana as 95.5 per cent white and 4.4 per cent black. Governor Welsh also worked with the General Assembly to adopt the Indiana Bill, granting the same protection to minorities in the search for employment. On December 8, 1964, a shipment slipped an ice rink in and caught fire during a training drill. The five nuclear weapons on board were burned, including a 9-megaton, causing the shock zone. Since 1970, a number of amendments were proposed to the State Constitution. With the adoption, the procedure for the appointment of the courts was established. The creation of a recession that hurt the auto industry in Indiana. Companies like and started a long series of reductions that contributed to high unemployment rates in manufacturing, , and . The trend of restructuring and de-industrialization continued until the 1980s, when the national and state economy began to diversify and recover. Geography[]With a total area (land and water) of 36,418 square miles (9,320 km2), Indiana ranks 38 in the largest. The state has a maximum dimension north to south of 250 miles (400 km) and a maximum east to west of 145 miles (233 km). The geographical center of the state (39° 53.7'N, 86° 16.0W) is in . Located in the , Indiana is one of the eight states that make up the . Indiana is bordered in the north by , in the east by , and in the west by , partly separated by . Indiana edges in the northwest and the Indiana separates from in the south. Geology and terrain[]The average altitude of Indiana is about 760 feet (230 m) above sea level. The highest point in the state is 1,257 feet (383 m) above sea level. The lowest point at 320 feet (98 m) on the sea level is in , where it meets the . The result , 937 feet (286 m), is the narrowest of any non-carritorial American state. Only 2,850 square miles (7,400 km2) have an altitude above 1,000 feet (300 m) and this area is closed in 14 counties. Approximately 4,700 square miles (12,000 km2) have an elevation of less than 500 feet (150 m), mainly concentrated throughout Ohio and low Wabash valleys, and from and to. The state includes two natural regions of the United States: the central lowlands and the . The northern and central regions of Indiana. Much of its appearance is the result of elements left by . The center of Indiana is mainly flat with some low hills (except where the rivers cut deep valleys through the plain, as in the Wabash River and Sugar Creek) and soil composed of glacial sands, gravel and clay, which results in exceptional agricultural lands. Northern Indiana is similar, except for the presence of higher and more mountainous and hundreds of . There are several ridges of sand and dunes, some reaching almost 200 feet high. These are along the shore of Lake Michigan and also inside the . Southern Indiana is characterized by valleys and hilly terrain, contrasting with much of the state. Here, the rock rock is exposed on the surface and is not buried in glacial until it is more north. Due to prevalence, the area has many caves, caves and quarries. Hydrology[9] ] Indiana's largest river systems include the Whitewater, White, Blue, Wabash, St. Joseph and Maumee. According to the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, there were 65 rivers, streams and streams of environmental interest or scenic beauty, which included only a portion of about 24,000 total miles of river within the state. The , which is the longest free river east of the , is the official river of Indiana. At 475 miles (764 kilometers) in length, the river bises the state of the northeast to the southwest, forming part of the state border with Illinois, before converging with the . The river has been the subject of several songs, such as , and . There are about 900 lakes listed by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. To the northwest, Indiana borders, one of the five lakes comprising the , the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world. , the deepest lake in the state, reaches depths to almost 120 feet (37 m), while it is the largest natural lake in Indiana. 10,750 acres (summer pool level), is the largest lake in Indiana. Climate[] In the past, almost all Indiana had a (), with cold winters and hot wet summers; only the extreme south part of the state is within the (), which receives more precipitation than other parts of Indiana. But from the 2016 update, about half the state is now classified as wet subtropical. Temperatures are usually fun of the northern and southern sections of the state. In the middle of winter, high/low average temperatures range from about 30 °F/15 °F (−1 °C/−10 °C) in the north end to 41 °F/24 °F (5 °C/−4 °C) in the south end. In the middle summer there is usually a little less variation in the entire state, as the high/low average temperatures range between 84 °F/64 °F (29 °C/18 °C) in the north far to 90 °F/69 °F (32 °C/21 °C) in the south end. The high temperature record of Indiana was 116 °F (47 °C) fixed on July 14, 1936, a . The low record was −36 °F (−38 °C) in . Typical ranges from 155 days in the north to 185 days in the south. [] While droughts occur occasionally in the state, total precipitation is distributed relatively equally throughout the year. The total precipitation ranges from 35 inches (89 cm) near Lake Michigan in the northwest of Indiana to 45 inches (110 cm) along the Ohio River in the south, while the average state is 40 inches (100 cm). The annual snowfall in Indiana varies widely across the state, from 80 inches (200 cm) in the northwest along Lake Michigan to 14 inches (36 cm) in the south end. it represents approximately half the snowfall in the northwest and the north center of Indiana due to the effects of the humidity and relative warmth of Lake Michigan in the wind. The average wind speed is 8 miles per hour (13 km/h). In a 2012 report, Indiana was ranked eighth in a list of 20 data-based tornado-prone states from 1950 to 2011. A 2011 report ranked 15 among the 20 most important U.S. cities of prono tornado, while another 2011 report ranked eighth. Despite its vulnerability, Indiana is not part of . Average precipitation in Indiana Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 2.48 2.27 3.36 3.89 4.46 4.19 4.22 3.91 3.12 3.02 3.44 3.13 41.49 Maximum and minimum daily temperatures for selected cities in Indiana Location July (°F) July (°C) January (°F) January (°C) 85/66 29/19 35/20 2/-6 84/62 29/17 32/17 0−8 88/67 31/19 41/24 5/4 - 83/63 28/17 32/18 0−8 87/65 30/18 39/21 4/-6 84/62 29/17 31/14 0/10−10 85/64 29/18 34/19 1/7 - Ecosystem[]This section needs expansion. You can help. (September 2017) needs expansionTime Zones[]Indiana is one of the 13 American states that are divided into more than one time zone. Indiana has fluctuated during the last century. Currently most of the state observes ; six counties near Chicago and six near Evansville observes . The debate on the subject continues. Before 2006, most of Indiana did not observe (DST). Some counties within this area, in particular, and nearby counties, and nearby counties, Ohio, DST not officially observed by local custom. Since April 2006, the entire State has observed the DST. Indiana counties and statistical areas[]Indiana is divided into 92 . Since 2010, the state includes 16 and 25, 117 built-in cities, 450 cities, and several other smaller divisions and statistical areas. and Indianapolis have a. Main cities[] Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana and its largest city. The four largest metropolitan areas in Indiana are, , , and . The table below lists the twenty largest municipalities in the State based on the Estimate of the United States Census 2019. ########################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################## Cities or largest towns in IndianaSource: 1 876.384 11 67.999 2 270.402 12 64.668 3 117.979 13 60.622 4 102.026 14 59.458 5 101.068 15 58.020 6 95.310 16 54.765 7 85.755 17 52.358 8 75.522 18 50.996 9 74.879 19 50.363 10 71.721 20 49.462 Demography[]Population[] Historical population Census Dad. %% 2.632-24,520831.6%147,178500.2%343,031133.1%685,86699.9%988,41644.1%1,350,42836.6%1,680,63724.5%1,978,30117,7%2,192.40410.8%2,516,4614.8%2,700,8767.3%2,930,390824.5% Estimate 2019 (est.) The Indiana population estimates were 6,732,219 on 1 July 2019, an increase of 3,83% since . The population density of the state was 181.0 persons per square kilometer, the 16th highest in the United States. In the United States Census of 2010 the population centre of Indiana is northwest of Sheridan, in (+40.149246, −086.259514). In 2005, 77.7 per cent of Indiana residents lived in metropolitan counties, 16.5 per cent lived in micropolitan counties and 5.9 per cent lived in non-core counties. Ancestor[] The racial makeup of the state (based on the population estimate of 2019) was: or any race make up 7.3% of the population. The Hispanic population is the fastest-growing ethnic minority in Indiana. Twenty-two per cent of Indiana children under the age of 1 were minority groups (note: children born as a minority group). Indiana racial Breakdown of Population Racial composition 1990 2000 2010 90.6% 87.5 per cent 84.3% 7.8% 8.4% 9.1% 0.7 per cent 1.0% 1.6% 0.2 per cent 0.3% 0.3% and - - - 0.7 per cent 1.6% 2.7% - 1.2% 2.0% Indiana's racial disintegration is the highest rate reported in Indiana, with 22.7% of the population reporting that the census's rise. The persons cited (12.0%) and descent (8.9%) are also numerous, such as (10.8%) and (3.0%). Most of those who quote American descent are actually on the ground, but have families who have been in North America for so long, in many cases from the beginning, who identify themselves simply as Americans. In the 1980 census, 1,776,144 people claimed German descent, 1,356,135 claimed English ancestry and 1,017,944 claimed Irish ancestry from a total population of 4,241,975 people, making the state 42 per cent German, 32 per cent English and 24 per cent Irish. Population growth[] The population growth since 1990 has concentrated in the counties surrounding Indianapolis, with four of the five largest counties in that area: , , and . The other county is , which is near , . Hamilton County has also grown faster than any county in the states that limit Indiana (, , and ), and is the fastest growing county in the country. With a population of 829,817 people, it is the largest city in Indiana and the 12th largest in the United States, according to the 2010 census. Three other cities in Indiana have a population exceeding 100,000 inhabitants: (253,617), (117,429) and (101,168). Since 2000, it has seen the largest increase in the population among the 20 largest cities in the state with a 100 percent increase. and have seen the largest decline in the population in the twenty largest cities since 2000, with a decrease of 21.0 and 6.8 per cent respectively. Other cities that have seen extensive growth since 2000 are (81 percent), (39.4 percent), (21.4 percent) and (9.3 percent). Meanwhile, (-4.2%), (-4.0%) and ( -3.9%) have seen the steepest decline. It also experienced strong growth (12.8 per cent) in the period 2000-2010. Indianapolis has the largest population in the state and the country. It covers them and nine surrounding counties in central Indiana. Note: Births at the table are not added, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a greater general number. Live births by single race/mother ethnicity 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 : 70.166 (84.4 per cent) 70.967 (84.4 per cent) 70,741 (84.1 per cent) ... ... ... " 63,820 (76.8 per cent) 64,076 (76.2 per cent) 63,472 (75.5 per cent) 62.039 (74.7 per cent) 60.515 (73.6 per cent) 59.520 (72.9 per cent) 10.445 (12.6 per cent) 10,666 (12.7 per cent) 10,656 (12.7 per cent) 9,768 (11.8 per cent) 9,971 (12.1%) 10,242 (12.5%) 2.364 (2.8 per cent) 2.232 (2.8 per cent) 2.523 (3.0%) 2.426 (2.9 per cent) 2.535 (3.1 per cent) 2.382 (2.9 per cent) 127 (0.1 per cent) 125 (0.1 per cent) 120 (0.1 per cent) 85 (0.1 per cent) 124 (0.2 per cent) 132 (0.2 per cent) (of any race) 6.837 (8.2%) 7.239 (8.6 per cent) 7.634 (9.1 per cent) 7.442 (8.9%) 7.669 (9.3 per cent) 7.867 (9.6 per cent) Total Indiana 83.102 (100%) 84.080 (100%) 84.040 (100%) 83,091 (100%) 82.170 (100%) 81,646 (100%) Total Indiana83,10284,084,04083,09182,17081,646 Based on population estimates for 2011, 6.6 per cent of the state population is under five years, 24.5 per cent is under 18 years, and 13.2 per cent are 65 years or older. Of the demographic data of the 2010 United States census for Indiana, the average age is 37. Average income[] As of Indiana's average family income, $44,616, classifying the 36th between the United States and the District of Columbia. In 2005, the average family income for Indiana residents was $43,993. Almost 498,700 households in Indiana had incomes between $50,000 and $75,000, representing 20 per cent of all households. The average family income in Hamilton County is nearly $35,000 higher than the average in Indiana. At $78,932, it ranks seventh in the country among counties with less than 250,000 people. The following highest average income in Indiana is also in the suburbs of Indianapolis; Hendricks County has an average of $57,538, followed by Johnson County at $56,251. Religion[] Although the largest single religious denomination in the state is Catholic (747,706 members), most of the population are members of various Protestant denominations. The largest Protestant denomination for the number of adherents in 2010 was 355,043. A study of the Graduate Center in the 20 percent found are Roman Catholics, 14 percent belong to different churches, 10 percent are other Christians, 9 percent are, and 6 percent are. The study found 16 percent of Indiana is affiliated with . Indiana is home to , one of two Catholics in the United States and one of 11 in the world. He has one of his two seminars in . Two conservative denominations, he and he, have their headquarters in Indianapolis as he does. The maintenance of offices and publishing work in . serves as the home of . is home to the headquarters of . The headquarters is in Fort Wayne. The one of the , the largest branch of American Quakerism, is based on , which also houses the oldest Quaker Seminary in the United States, the . He has its headquarters in . Law and Government[] India has a democratic republican constitutional form of government with three branches: the executive, including an elected governor and vice governor; the legislature, which consists of an elected General Assembly; and the judiciary, the Supreme Court of Indiana, the Indiana Court of Appeal and the Circuit Courts. The official is the chief executive of the State and has the authority to administer the government as set out in the Indiana Constitution. The governor and governors are elected jointly for four years, and the government elections are held simultaneously with the United States presidential elections (1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, etc.). The governor cannot fulfill more than two consecutive terms. The governor works with him and governs the state and has the authority to adjust the other branches. The Governor may convene special sessions of the General Assembly and select and eliminate leaders from almost all departments, boards and State commissions. Other notable powers include the imposition of pardons or the conviction in emergency or disaster situations, the issue of pardons or the commutation of the penalty of any offender, except in cases of betrayal or impedition and the possession of an abundant legal authority. The deputy governor serves as President of the Senate and ensures that the Senate rules are applied in accordance with their constituents. The lieutenant's governor votes only when necessary to break the ties. If the governor dies in office, he is permanently disabled, resigned or impatient, the governor of the lieutenant becomes governor. If both the governor and the deputy governor are not occupied, the president of the pro tempore Senate becomes governor. The Indiana General Assembly consists of 50 members and 100 members. The Senate is the General Assembly and the House of Representatives is the . The General Assembly has exclusive legislative authority within the state government. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives may introduce legislation, except that the Senate is not authorized to initiate legislation that will affect income. Bills are discussed and passed separately in each house, but both houses must pass them before they can be submitted to the Governor. The legislature may cancel a governor's veto with a majority vote of full membership in the Senate and House of Representatives. Each law adopted by the General Assembly should be used without exception to the entire State. The General Assembly has no authority to create legislation leading a particular community. The General Assembly can manage the State ' s judicial system by organizing the size of the courts and the boundaries of its districts. It can also monitor the activities of the executive branch of the state government, has restricted the power to regulate county governments within the state, and has the exclusive power to initiate the method of altering the Indiana Constitution. It consists of five judges, comprising 15 judges. The governor selects judges for the supreme and appeal courts of a group of applicants elected by a special commission. After serving for two years, judges must obtain the support of the electorate to fulfil a 10-year term. In almost all cases, the Supreme Court does not have or can hear only the cases that have been requested after hearing in lower courts. The local circuit courts are where most cases begin with a trial and the consequence is decided by the jury. The Supreme Court has original and exclusive jurisdiction in certain areas, including the practice of law, discipline or discredit of judges appointed to the lower state courts, and the supervision of the exercise of jurisdiction by the other lower courts of the State. The state is divided into 92, which are led by a county commissioner board. 90 counties in Indiana have their own with a judge elected for a six-year term. The two remaining counties, Dearborn and Ohio, combine in one circuit. Many counties operate in addition to circuit court. In densely populated counties where the number of cases is traditionally greater, separate courts have been established to hear only cases of minors, criminals, probes or small claims. The establishment, frequency and jurisdiction of these additional courts varies greatly from county to county. There are 85 municipal and municipal courts in the municipalities of Indiana, created by local ordinance, typically handling minor and unconsidered crimes. County officials elected for four-year terms include an auditor, registrar, treasurer, sheriff, coroner and secretary of the circuit court. All cities incorporated in Indiana have a form of mayor and municipal councillor. The cities are governed by a city council and the municipalities are governed by a council of municipal administration and advisory council. held Indiana first in the publication of the inauguration 2017 Best States for the inclusion of the government. Among the individual categories, Indiana stood above the average in budgetary transparency (#1), government digitization (#6) and fiscal stability (#8), and average state integrity (#25). Politics[]From 1880 to 1924, an Indiana resident was included in all presidential elections except one. Indiana Representative was nominated for vice president and ran with Winfield Scott Hancock at the . Former governor of Indiana was elected vice president in 1884. He served until his death on 25 November 1885, under the presidency. In 1888, the former senator from Indiana was elected president and served a term. He's still the only president of Indiana. The Indiana Senator was elected vice president in 1904, serving under the presidency until 1909. Fairbanks made another run for vice president in 1916, but both lost and former governor of Indiana, who served as vice president of 1913 until 1921. Not until 1988 he made another presidential election involving a native of Indiana, when the senator was elected vice president and served a term with . Governor was elected vice president in 2016, to serve with . Indiana has long been regarded as a refuge, especially in the presidential races. The (CPVI) now values Indiana as R+9. Indiana was one of ten states to support the Republican in 1940. On 14 occasions the Republican candidate has defeated the Democrat for a double digit margin in the state, including six times where a Republican won the state for more than twenty percentage points. In 2000 and 2004 he won the state on a wide margin, while the election was much closer in general. The state has supported a president only five times since 1900. In 1912, he became the first Democrat to win the state in the 20th century, with 43% of the votes. Twenty years later, he won the state with 55% of the votes on the incumbent Republican. Roosevelt won the state again in 1936. In 1964, 56 per cent of voters supported Democrats on Republicans. Forty-four years later, the Democrats won the state in a narrow way between 50% and 49%. In the , Republican won the state for the Republican Party with 54% of the votes on President Obama who won 43%. While only five Democratic presidential candidates have taken Indiana since 1900, 11 Democrats during that time. Before becoming governor in 2005, the Democrats had occupied the office for 16 consecutive years. Indiana elects two senators and nine representatives to Congress. The State has 11 electoral votes in the presidential elections. Seven of the favors of the Republican Party according to CPVI rankings; there are seven Republicans serving as representatives and two Democrats. Historically, Republicans have been stronger in the eastern and central parts of the state, while the Democrats have been stronger in the northwest part of the state. Occasionally, some counties in the southern part of the state will vote Democratic. Marion County, the most populous county in Indiana, supported Republican candidates from 1968 to 2000, before supporting the Democrats in the 2004 elections, 2008, 2012, and 2016. The second most populous county in Indiana, Lake County, has been a strong supporter of the Democratic Party and has not voted for a Republican since 1972. In 2005, the Bay Area Research Centre described the most liberal and conservative cities in the United States on voting statistics in the 2004 presidential elections, based on 237 cities with populations of more than 100,000 inhabitants. The study mentioned five cities in Indiana. On the liberal side, he was second-classified and he arrived at 83. Between conservative cities, 44, it was 60 and 82 on the list. Military installations[]Indiana hosts several current and old military installations. The largest of these is the , approximately 25 miles southwest of , which is the third largest naval facility in the world, which comprises approximately 108 square miles of territory. Other active installations include combat units in , and airports (which will be consolidated in Fort Wayne under the , with the Terre Haute installation that remains open as a non-flight installation). Driving operations in , helicopter operations outside the airport and urban training in . The Army, which is now closed and becomes a coal purifying plant. Indiana was home to two large military facilities; near Peru (made of an installation in 1994) and near Indianapolis, now closed, although he continues to operate a large financial centre there (). Culture[]Arts[]This section needs expansion. You can help. (September 2017) Needs ExpansionSports[]Motorsports[]Indiana has an extensive history with . Indianapolis hosts the miles race during the weekend to every May. The name of the race is usually shortened to "Indy 500" and also goes for the nickname "The Greatest Racing Show". The race attracts more than 250,000 people every year, making it the world's largest sports event. The track also houses the () and the . From 2000 to 2007, hosted the (). Indiana has the world's largest and most prestigious drag race, the one, held every weekend in . Indiana is also the host of a great racing circuit of power ships in the major league, the (). Professional sports[]From 2013 Indiana has produced more (NBA) players per capita than any other state. Muncie has produced the most per capita of any American city, with two other cities in Indiana in the first ten. It has a rich heritage of basketball that reaches the formative years of sport. The NBA plays its home games in ; they started playing in 1967 in the (ABA) and joined the NBA when the leagues in 1976. Although developed basketball in , in 1891, high school basketball was born in Indiana. In 1925, Naismith visited a final game of the Indiana basketball state along with 15,000 fans shouting and then wrote "Basketball really had its origin in Indiana, which remains the center of the sport". The 1986 film is inspired by the history of the Indiana state champions of 1954. The professional basketball player was born and raised in . In 1981, 1984 and 1986, he led the NBA championship. Indianapolis is the home of the . The Colts are members of the . The Colts have roots back to 1913 as the . They became an official team after moving to , , in 1953. In 1984, the one to Indianapolis, which leads to an eventual rivalry with the . After calling the house for 25 years, the Colts play their games at home in Indianapolis. While in Baltimore, the Colts won the . In Indianapolis, the Colts won, bringing the total franchise to two. In recent years the Colts have regularly competed in the NFL playoffs. Indiana was the home of two members of the team card, he and the . Another early franchise of the NFL, the two seasons spent in the league before folding. Professional teams[]The following table shows the professional sports teams from Indiana. The teams in italic are in . Club Sport League Place (capacity) American Football (62,400) Basketball (18.165) Baseball (5,181) Ice hockey (9,000) Ice hockey (10,480) Basketball (13,000) Baseball (8.100) Baseball (6.139) Soccer (62,400) Basketball (18.165) Ice hockey (6,300) Baseball () (14.230) Arena Football Baseball (5,000) Below is a table of sports spaces in Indiana with a capacity of over 30,000: Fund Capacity Municipality Tenants 257,325 84,000 62.421 57.236 52.929 University athleticism[] India has had a great sporting success at the school level. In the masculine basketball, he has won five NCAA national championships and 22 championships. They were selected as the national champions in 1932 before the tournament was created, and they have won 23 Great Ten Championships. The Boilermakers together with the Notre Dame Fighting Irish have won a national championship in feminine basketball. In college football, he has won 11 national consensus championships as well as the, and . Meanwhile, the Purdue Boilermakers have won 10 major championships and won the Rose Bowl and . Schools that apply athletic programs include: Programme Division Conference City (Today of Icemen) (football) (men swimming, men's tennis) (Women's balls) (Today of Icemen) (football) (men swimming, men's tennis) (Women's balls) Economics and Infrastructure[]In 2017, Indiana had a civilian workforce of nearly 3.4 million people, the largest 15th in the US. Indiana has a unemployment rate of 3.4 percent, lower than the national average. The total gross state product in 2016 was $347.2 million. A high percentage of Indiana's income is made. According to , nearly 17 percent of the state's non-agricultural workforce is used in manufacturing, the highest in any state in the United States. The state's top five exports were automotive vehicles and automotive parts, pharmaceuticals, industrial machinery, optical and medical equipment and electrical machinery. Despite its dependence on manufacturing, Indiana has been less affected by declines in traditional manufacturing than many of its neighbors. The explanation seems to be certain factors in the labour market. First, much of the heavy manufacturing, such as industrial machinery and steel, requires highly skilled labour, and companies are often willing to locate where there are already difficult skills to train. Secondly, the workforce in Indiana is mainly in medium and small cities, rather than in very large and expensive metropolises. This makes it possible for companies to offer somewhat lower wages for these skills that would normally be paid. Businesses often see in Indiana the opportunity to get skills higher than averages at lower wages. Business[]In 2016, Indiana was home to seven companies with a total of $142.5 billion in revenue. -based and based on Indianapolis and were recognized in the publication "2017 World's Most Admired Companies List", ranking in each of their respective industries. has been the largest steel production center in the United States since 1975 and accounted for 27 percent of the steel made by the United States in 2016. Indiana is home to the international headquarters and research facilities of the pharmaceutical company in Indianapolis, the largest corporation in the state, as well as the world headquarters of Mead Johnson Nutritionals in Evansville. In general, Indiana ranks fifth among all U.S. states. in total sales and shipments of pharmaceuticals and the second highest in the number of biopharmaceutical works. Indiana is within the U.S. and . The state has a batch style system that elevates corn to fattened pigs and cattle. Along with corn, they are also an important cash harvest. Its proximity to large urban centers, such as Chicago and Chicago, ensure the production of dairy, eggs and special horticulture. Other crops include melons, tomatoes, grapes, mint, corn and tobacco in southern counties. Most of the original land was not meadow and had to be cleaned of decidue trees. Many forest plots remain and support a furniture manufacturing sector in the southern part of the state. In 2011 Indiana was ranked first in the Midwest and sixth in the country for the best places to do business according to CEO magazine. Tax[]Tax is collected by . Indiana has a flat-state rate of 3.23%. Many of the state counties also charge income taxes. The state rate is 7 per cent with exemptions for food, prescription drugs, and over-the-counter medicines. In some jurisdictions, an additional food and beverage tax is charged at a rate of 1% (the Marion County rate is 2%), on the sales of prepared meals and drinks. are imposed on real and personal property in Indiana and are administered by the Department of Finance of the Local Administration. The property is subject to taxes by a variety of tax units (schools, counties, municipalities, and libraries), making the total tax rate the sum of tax rates imposed by all tax units in which a property is located. However, a "circuit combustion" law enacted on March 19, 2008 limits to 1% of the value assessed for the owners, 2% for rental properties and agricultural land, and 3% for the companies. State budget[] India does not have a legal requirement to balance the state budget either in law or in its constitution. Instead, it has a constitutional ban on debt. The state has one and for healthy reserves proportionate to spending. Indiana is one of the six states in the United States. to not allow a . Since 2010, Indiana has been one of the few states that are maintained with credit rating agencies, the highest possible rating. Energy[] The production of electricity in India consists mainly of the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly coal. It has 24 coal plants, including the largest coal plant in the country, through the Wabash River from . Indiana is also home to the coal plant with the largest emissions of sulfur dioxide in the United States, the power plant, just west of New Albany. In 2010, Indiana had estimated coal reserves of 57 billion tons, and state mining operations produced 35 million tons of coal annually. Indiana also has at least 900 million barrels of oil reserves in the , although they are not easily recoverable. While Indiana has made commitments to increase the use of renewable resources such as wind, hydropower, biomass or solar energy, progress has been very slow, mainly due to the continued abundance of coal in southern Indiana. Most of the new plants in the state have been plants. Another source is hydropower. it has been developed. The estimates in 2006 raised Indiana's wind capacity from 30 MW to 50 m high turbine to 40,000 MW to 70 m, and to 130,000 MW to 100 m, in 2010, the height of the newest turbines. By the end of 2011, Indiana had installed 1.340 MW of wind turbines. Transport[]Airports[] serves the major Indianapolis area. It opened in November 2008 and offers a half-field passenger terminal, concourses, air traffic control tower, garage and airfields and apron improvements. Other main airports include, (which houses the one of the), and . A long-standing proposal to become Chicago's third main airport received a boost in early 2006 with the approval of $48 million in federal funding over the next ten years. No airline operates since but is used for private aircraft. Since 1954, the one in Indiana was stationed there, but the 2005 proposal (BRAC) stated that 181 would lose its combat mission and aircraft, leaving the facility Terre Haute a unique facility for general aviation. , across the Ohio River in , serves south of Indiana , as it does in . Many residents of , which is mainly in , use Chicago airports, and .[] Roads[] The main United States is, , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . The various roads that intersecte in and around, along with its historical status as an important railway center, and the channels that once crossed Indiana, are the source of the state motto, the crossing of America. There are also many and maintained by . These are numbered according to the same convention as . Indiana allows the roads of different classifications to have the same number. For example, I-64 and both exist (more close to each other) in Indiana, but they are two different paths without relation to each other. A $3 billion project covering I-69 is under way. The project was divided into six sections, with the first five sections (linking to ) now complete. The sixth and final phase of Martinsville to Indianapolis is under construction. When complete, I-69 will pass an additional distance of 142 miles (229 km) across the state. County roads[] Most of Indiana counties use a network-based system to identify county roads; this system replaced the old arbitrary number and road names system, and (among other things) makes it much easier to identify the call sources placed on the system. These systems are easier to implement in the glacially flat northern and central portions of the state. Rural counties in the southern third of the state are less likely to have networks and more likely to depend on unsystematic road names (e.g., Crawford, Harrison, Perry, Scott and Washington Counties). There are also counties in northern portions of the state that have never implemented a network, or only partially implemented one. Some counties are also set in a nearly diamond-type grid system (e.g. Clark, Floyd, Gibson and Knox Counties). This system is also almost useless in such situations. Knox County once operated two different grid systems for county roads because the county was established using two different survey networks, but since then it has decided to use road names and to combine roads instead. Notablely, the San Jose County road grid system, whose main city is South Bend, uses perennial names (i.e., Ash, Hickory, Ironwood, etc.) in alphabetical order for north-south roads and presidential names and other notable names (i.e., Adams, Edison, Lincoln Way, etc.) in alphabetical order for east-west roads. There are exceptions to this rule in the centre of Bend and Mishawaka. East-West Hamilton County roads continue Indianapolis' numbered street system from 96th Street on Marion County line to 296th Street on Tipton County line. Rail[]Indiana has more than 4,255 miles of railway route, of which 91 percent are operated by , mainly and . Other class I railways in Indiana include the and , a subsidiary, as well as . The remaining miles are operated by 37 regional, local and switching and terminal railways. He is one of the most remarkable railroad systems in the country, which extend from Chicago to . Indiana is implementing an extensive railway plan prepared in 2002 by the . Many recreational trails, like the and , have been created from . Ports[] Indiana annually sends more than 70 million tons of water cargo per year, which ranks 14 among all states of the United States.[] More than half of the Indiana border is the water, which includes 400 miles (640 km) of direct access to two major merchandise transport arteries: the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway (via Lake Michigan) and the Waterway Inland System (through the Ohio River). It manages three main ports that include , , and . In , three public facilities and several private port facilities receive service throughout the year of five major barge lines operating in . Evansville has been one for more than 125 years. Because of this, the international shipment may be sent to Evansville in bonds. International cargo can clean Customs in Evansville instead of a coastal port. [] Education[] India's 1816 constitution was the first to implement a state-funded system. He also assigned a municipality for a public university. However, the plan turned out to be too idealistic for a pioneering society, as fiscal money was not accessible to its organization. In the 1840s, he was pressing the need for schools with fiscal support, and in 1851 his council was included in the new state constitution. In 1843, the Legislature ruled that African Americans could not attend public schools, which led to the foundation and other schools for them, funded by donations or students themselves. Although the growth of the public school system was retained by legal entanglements, many public primary schools were used in 1870. Most children in Indiana attend public schools, but nearly 10 percent attend private schools and . About half of Indiana's university students are enrolled in state-supported four-year schools. Public schools in Indiana have undergone several changes throughout the history of Indiana. Modern public school standards have been applied throughout the state. These new rules were adopted in April 2014. The overall objective of these new state standards is to ensure that Indiana students have the skills and requirements to enter the university or the workforce after high school graduation. State standards can be found for almost all major subjects taught in public schools in Indiana. Mathematics, English/Language Arts, Science and Social Studies are among the highest and most prioritized standards. In 2017, the Indiana Department of Education reported that the overall graduation rates of the state were 87.19% for graduations and 80.10% for non- itinerant graduations. The largest educational institution is, which was endorsed as a Indiana Seminary in 1820. was established as the state in 1865; it was chartered as one in 1869. The other three independent state universities are (Founded in 1801 by the Indiana Territory), (1918) and (1965 as ISU – Evansville). Many of Indiana's private universities and universities are affiliated with religious groups. The , , and are popular . Universities affiliated with Protestant denominations include , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . The state's community college system serves nearly 200,000 students a year, making it the largest public post-secondary educational institution in the state and the largest accredited community university system in the state. In 2008, the University of Indiana system agreed to change most of its associate degrees (2 years) to the Ivy University of Technology system. The state has several universities ranked among the best in 2013 . The University of Notre Dame is ranked among the top 20, with and ranking in the top 100. (IUPUI) has recently made it the 200 best rankings. , , and are ranked among the top ten at the Regional University Midwest Rankings. Purdue's engineering programs are ranked eighth in the country. In addition, it ranks first at the Midwest Rankings Regional College and has been considered the best Pregrade Engineering School (where a PhD is not offered) for 15 consecutive years. See also[]References[]abababc1I120abcdabababababababababcabcdeababcdeabc2814487ababcdefghabcabcBibliography[]External links[]Indiana Preceded by Admitted on 11 December 1816 (19th) Submitted by Places adjacent to Indiana Indiana: • Indiana: • Indiana: • Topics related to Indiana The Hoosier State (capital) Society of Executive Legislature Judiciary Departments Local Government Law See also: , and I mean, I don't know. 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Search formIndian Origin Name of the State of India Origin Indian Geology and topography map; image of : . What does "Indiana" mean? The name "Indiana" means "Land of the Indians" or "Land of Indians". Several Native American tribes are a significant part of the history of Indiana, including the Miamis, Chippewa, Delawares, Erie, Shawnee, Iroquois, Kickapoo, Potawatomies, Mahican, Nanticoke, Huron and Mohegan. Images Indiana USA; image of .Videos © State Symbols USA.

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