rash on neck and chin
Welcome to the Guidelines in Practice. This site uses cookies, some may have already been set. If you continue to use the site, we will assume you are happy to accept cookies anyway. Facial Rashes: What is the diagnosis? For 2017-06-25T16:25:00+01:00 Dr. Rebecca Mawson analyzes possible causes of facial eruption in adults and how to diagnose on the basis of clinical observations Read this article to learn more about: Learning Guidelines After reading this article, ' ' in your updated knowledge with our multiple-choice questions. We estimate that this activity will take you 30 minutes — value 0.5 CPD credits. Facial eruptions are a common presentation in primary care and are often very worrying for the affected individual, causing shame and frustration. Approximately 14 per cent of GP consultations are for the management of skin conditions1 and about 8 per cent of all antibiotics prescribed in the United Kingdom2 are thought to be for the management of skin conditions. Antibiotics have been an important treatment of choice for acne for about 50 years, but with the continued global increase in the use of antibiotics, and the resistance reported in all major regions of the world, the responsible use of antibiotics is of great concern. 3Making a clear diagnosis before starting treatment can help improve results and management. has developed a range of guidelines on skin conditions, which aim to help GPs create specific and rational treatment plans for people with skin conditions. The following differential diagnostic case studies will explore possible causes of facial eruptions, with the aim of facilitating the understanding of presentations and complexity. Case 1Samantha is 45 years old and works in media work, which involves entertaining guests and speaking in public. Samantha tells you that 18 months ago she realized she had started to look more, especially when she consumes alcohol and when she's stressed out for speaking in public. Your skin often feels swollen and warm. It has recently begun to get some high grains on the skin. He mentions that in a recent trip to Spain, his skin seemed to be in the sunlight. Figure 1: RosaceaSource: Reproduced with Diagnostic permission The probable diagnosis is rosacea. The following clinical characteristics are often observed in people with rosacea (see Figure 1, above): Making a clear diagnosis is important with rosacea so that the patient can develop a better understanding of the condition, which in turn leads to better management. ManagementRosacea is a chronic skin condition that requires long-term therapy to keep control of symptoms. It is essential to a phased approach to the predominant symptoms of the patient's rosacea; the guideline of PCDS rosacea may advise on appropriate treatment options.4 There are also general measures that patients can take to help themselves, such as avoiding direct sunlight and using sun protection factor facial lotions (30+).5 Topical Brimonidine may be used to treat symptoms of adult erythema.4 For more information on the different types of rosacea and appropriate oral/topian treatments, read the . Do not forget that the eye rosacea occurs in more than 50% of people with rosacea. Symptoms include: 4,6 There may also be sting or burning of the eyes, dryness, irritation with light, or feeling of foreign body. 6 See the guide to Rosacea PCDS for information on the management of eye symptoms. 4 Clinical Results For Samantha, facial redness was a predominant feature. Their symptoms improved after using brimonidine gel for 4 weeks. Following the advice of your GP, you are now working to limit your exposure to sunlight, and you use the high quality solar block. Samantha has been using advice from the Rosacea National Society on self-management and feels empowered to control her symptoms, even though no "bore" has been achieved. Additional information: Case 2John is 21 years old and has come to you with depression symptoms. A closer discussion reveals that much of its unhappiness comes from its 'spots', which developed a few years ago. He has tried several free selling products without much luck and is now reluctant to leave his home and is socially isolated. Chart 2: AcceptanceSource: Reproduced with Diagnostic permission The probable diagnosis for John is acne. The following clinical characteristics are often presented (see Figure 2, above): Occasionally, inflammation and infection can cause healing. In most cases, this can be prevented with the timely administration of appropriate treatment. 7Management The most important aspect of acne treatment is support and surveillance for improvement, with special attention to the development of healing. It is not appropriate to send a patient away without plans for further review. Tell the patient that you can take 4-8 weeks of treatment before there are signs of improvement8 and support their compliance. The selection of an appropriate acne treatment depends on clinical findings and patient choice; follow the gradual approach described in the PCDS acne vulgaris guide to report this.9 For more information on management, see the , which includes a useful treatment path. Oral antibiotics should not be prescribed as monotherapy for acne treatment.8Don't forget Acne can cause a significant degree of psychological distress to the affected individual. In the author's clinical experience, acne people often feel that they are not taken seriously by health professionals. There are links between acne and depression, as well as a risk of self-arm.9 It is worth asking the patient about his state of mental health, which may indicate the referral to secondary care if acne is causing significant distress. 8 The scarring of acne is also an important aspect to identify since this is a marker of gravity, but it also requires urgent action to prevent the formation of new scars. Clinical result John needs to be monitored carefully and regularly. You may need a combination of topical treatment and oral antibiotics, especially in view of the psychological impact acne is having on it. If there is an improvement and its mood stabilizes then it would be reasonable to persist with the treatment for up to 3 months. If your mood deteriorates or worsens your skin, then remission to secondary care would be justified. This psychological distress must be clearly indicated in the letter of referral, as some commissioners will not accept the referral unless multiple antibiotic therapy courses have been tested. Additional information: Case 3Anthony is a 34-year-old man. It presents a salmon-pink eruption on his face, which says it appeared a few months ago in the middle of the winter. When examined, the eruption is mainly to affect the folds of your face, but it also appears slightly on the scalp. Anthony says he's not particularly upset about it, but he's found the scales and the uncomfortable dryness. He explains that the eruption first appeared last winter, but it got better in the next summer when it was in the sun. Figure 3: Seborreic DermatitisSource: Reproduced with permission Diagnosis The probable diagnosis is seborreic dermatitis. The following clinical characteristics are usually present (see Figure 3 above): Management The NICE Clinical knowledge summary on seborrhoeic dermatitis recommends treatment for at least 4 weeks with ketoconazole cream 2%, applied once or twice a day. 10 Other imidazole creams, such as clotrimazol, econazole or miconazole, can be used as alternatives. 10 A mild corticosteroid can also help with inflammation. 10 Once the symptoms are resolved, it advises the patient to reduce the frequency of application to one or two times a week to prevent recurrence. 10Do not forgetSeborreic dermatitis is the most common manifestation of the skin of HIV infection. There is a current momentum to destigmatize HIV testing in primary care and increase absorption. This does not mean that all people with seborrhoheic dermatitis need HIV testing, but it should raise a red flag if a patient with severe or widespread seborrhoheic dermatitis repeatedly presents general practice and has HIV risk factors. For more information and help with increased HIV testing in practice, visit the clinical resultAnthony was prescribed ketoconazole cream for 4 weeks, his skin showed a good response to treatment. Following instructions from his GP, Anthony then continued to use the cream once a week in the winter months to reduce the likelihood of reoccurrence. Additional information: Case 4Kelly is a 21-year-old shop assistant and has two children. Kelly is usually healthy and healthy, and she doesn't come to see the GP very often, but when the flames from the waiting room look bad and has a red butterfly rash on her cheeks. He says he feels like he's got a flu. When you examine yourself, you notice a malar rash through your cheeks. Figure 4: Cutaneous erythematous lupusSource: Reproduced with permission Diagnosis The diagnosis is skin erythematous lupus. Look for a malar rash through both cheeks (see Figure 4, left). Photosensitiveness is common, and injuries are often induced by exposure to sunlight.11ManagementThe skin erythematous lupus is very rare and practitioners can never see a case in primary care. The author has included him in this differential diagnostic article as a critical diagnosis is often feared. Generally, specialists in rheumatology or dermatology would investigate and administer this disease. If you suspect that a patient has skin or systemic lupus, contacting the local on-call dermatology service to advise would be the best choice as different areas manage the disease in different ways. Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and how it affects the individual. Skin erythematous lupus is an autoimmune disorder, and can respond to treatment with low immunosuppressive drugs such as hydroxychlorokin. 12The skin erythematous lupus has some characteristics similar to rosacea and should be considered if the patient has not responded to the treatment of rosacea, or if there are systemic symptoms. Additional information: Conclusion The management of facial eruptions can be frustrating for both patients and doctors. The key to success is to make a clear diagnosis and help the patient fulfill the treatment. Providing a review appointment and discussing how to manage bengalas are essential elements for developing a patient-led management plan. Learning Guidelines After reading this article, ' ' in your updated knowledge with our multiple-choice questions. We estimate that this activity will take you 30 minutes — value 0.5 CPD credits. References TopicsRelated articles2018-01-10T13:11:00 ZThis activity of the CPD consists of 4 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) designed to test your knowledge about facial rashes in primary care; then you will be asked to reflect on your learning. L'Oréal Commission (UK) Limited This supplement has been commissioned and funded by L'Oréal (UK) Limited and developed in partnership with Guidelines. Preparation date: January 20212020-10-29T14:04:00ZDr Kash Bhatti and Dr. Bruce Pollock summarizes the recently updated PCDS route in acne vulgaris and outlines what to consider when managing condition 5 Readers' Comments Only registered users can comment on this article. More Care for the skin and the wound2020-06-18T12:25:00ZDr Caroline Updated calvicie abstracts NICE guide on evaluation and prescription for the impetigo, cellulite and hersis, infection of the ulcer of the legs and diabetic foot infections in primary care 2020-05-22T15:40:00 ZDr Kash Bhatti highlights the recent updates of the PCDS pathway in the kerat
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